水产养殖是人为控制下繁殖、培育和收获水生动植物的生产活动。一般包括在人工饲养管理下从苗种养成水产品的全过程。广义上也可包括水产资源增殖。

水产养殖有粗养、精养和高密度精养等方式。粗养是在中、小型天然水域中投放苗种，完全靠天然饵料养成水产品，如湖泊水库养鱼和浅海养贝等。精养是在较小水体中用投饵、施肥方法养成水产品，如池塘养鱼、网箱养鱼和围栏养殖等。高密度精养采用流水、控温、增氧和投喂优质饵料等方法，在小水体中进行高密度养殖，从而获得高产，如流水高密度养鱼、虾等。

设施渔业是20世纪中期发展起来的集约化高密度养殖产业，它集现代工程、机电、生物、环保、饲料科学等多学科为一体，运用各种新科技手段，在陆上或海上营造出适合鱼类生长繁殖的良好水体与环境条件，把养鱼置于人工控制状态，以科学的精养技术，实现鱼类全年的稳产、高产。

Aquaculture is the production of breeding, breeding and harvesting of aquatic plants under artificial control. It generally involves the whole process of growing aquatic products from seedlings under artificial breeding management. In a broad sense, it can also include the proliferation of aquatic resources.

Aquaculture has extensive, intensive and high-density intensive methods. Extensive farming is to put seed in medium and small natural waters, and rely on natural bait to develop aquatic products, such as fish farming in lakes and reservoirs and shallow sea scallops. Intensive cultivation is the use of bait and fertilization methods to grow aquatic products in small water bodies, such as pond fish farming, cage fish farming and fence farming. High-density intensive cultivation uses high-density culture in small water bodies by means of running water, temperature control, aeration and feeding of high-quality bait, so as to obtain high yield, such as high-density fish farming and shrimp.

Facility fishery is an intensive high-density aquaculture industry developed in the middle of the 20th century. It integrates modern engineering, electromechanical, biological, environmental protection, feed science and other multidisciplinary, using all the latest technology, on land or at sea. To create a good water body and environmental conditions suitable for fish growth and reproduction, put the fish in a state of artificial control, and use scientific intensive techniques to achieve stable and high-yield production of fish throughout the year.